在Mediaeval第一次提供视觉情绪分析任务。任务的主要目的是预测对社交媒体共享的自然灾害图像的情绪反应。与灾害相关的图像通常很复杂，并且经常唤起情绪反应，使其成为视觉情绪分析的理想用例。我们认为能够对自然灾害有关的数据进行有意义的分析可能具有很大的社会重要性，这方面的共同努力可以为未来的研究开辟几个有趣的方向。该任务由三个子任务组成，每个任务旨在探索挑战的不同方面。在本文中，我们提供了任务的详细概述，任务的一般动机，以及数据集的概述以及用于评估所提出的解决方案的指标。

In both terrestrial and marine ecology, physical tagging is a frequently used method to study population dynamics and behavior. However, such tagging techniques are increasingly being replaced by individual re-identification using image analysis. This paper introduces a contrastive learning-based model for identifying individuals. The model uses the first parts of the Inception v3 network, supported by a projection head, and we use contrastive learning to find similar or dissimilar image pairs from a collection of uniform photographs. We apply this technique for corkwing wrasse, Symphodus melops, an ecologically and commercially important fish species. Photos are taken during repeated catches of the same individuals from a wild population, where the intervals between individual sightings might range from a few days to several years. Our model achieves a one-shot accuracy of 0.35, a 5-shot accuracy of 0.56, and a 100-shot accuracy of 0.88, on our dataset.

Data-driven models such as neural networks are being applied more and more to safety-critical applications, such as the modeling and control of cyber-physical systems. Despite the flexibility of the approach, there are still concerns about the safety of these models in this context, as well as the need for large amounts of potentially expensive data. In particular, when long-term predictions are needed or frequent measurements are not available, the open-loop stability of the model becomes important. However, it is difficult to make such guarantees for complex black-box models such as neural networks, and prior work has shown that model stability is indeed an issue. In this work, we consider an aluminum extraction process where measurements of the internal state of the reactor are time-consuming and expensive. We model the process using neural networks and investigate the role of including skip connections in the network architecture as well as using l1 regularization to induce sparse connection weights. We demonstrate that these measures can greatly improve both the accuracy and the stability of the models for datasets of varying sizes.

Manually analyzing spermatozoa is a tremendous task for biologists due to the many fast-moving spermatozoa, causing inconsistencies in the quality of the assessments. Therefore, computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) has become a popular solution. Despite this, more data is needed to train supervised machine learning approaches in order to improve accuracy and reliability. In this regard, we provide a dataset called VISEM-Tracking with 20 video recordings of 30s of spermatozoa with manually annotated bounding-box coordinates and a set of sperm characteristics analyzed by experts in the domain. VISEM-Tracking is an extension of the previously published VISEM dataset. In addition to the annotated data, we provide unlabeled video clips for easy-to-use access and analysis of the data. As part of this paper, we present baseline sperm detection performances using the YOLOv5 deep learning model trained on the VISEM-Tracking dataset. As a result, the dataset can be used to train complex deep-learning models to analyze spermatozoa. The dataset is publicly available at https://zenodo.org/record/7293726.

Head and neck cancers are the fifth most common cancer worldwide, and recently, analysis of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Computed Tomography (CT) images has been proposed to identify patients with a prognosis. Even though the results look promising, more research is needed to further validate and improve the results. This paper presents the work done by team MLC for the 2022 version of the HECKTOR grand challenge held at MICCAI 2022. For Task 1, the automatic segmentation task, our approach was, in contrast to earlier solutions using 3D segmentation, to keep it as simple as possible using a 2D model, analyzing every slice as a standalone image. In addition, we were interested in understanding how different modalities influence the results. We proposed two approaches; one using only the CT scans to make predictions and another using a combination of the CT and PET scans. For Task 2, the prediction of recurrence-free survival, we first proposed two approaches, one where we only use patient data and one where we combined the patient data with segmentations from the image model. For the prediction of the first two approaches, we used Random Forest. In our third approach, we combined patient data and image data using XGBoost. Low kidney function might worsen cancer prognosis. In this approach, we therefore estimated the kidney function of the patients and included it as a feature. Overall, we conclude that our simple methods were not able to compete with the highest-ranking submissions, but we still obtained reasonably good scores. We also got interesting insights into how the combination of different modalities can influence the segmentation and predictions.

人工神经网络今天具有广泛的应用程序，因为它们的高度灵活性和从数据中建模非线性功能的能力。但是，由于其黑盒性质，从小型数据集概括的能力差以及在培训期间的不一致的融合，神经网络的可信度受到限制。铝电解是一个复杂的非线性过程，具有许多相互关联的子处理。人工神经网络可能非常适合对铝电解过程进行建模，但是此过程的安全性最关键的性质需要值得信赖的模型。在这项工作中，稀疏的神经网络经过训练，以建模铝电解模拟器的系统动力学。与相应的密集神经网络相比，稀疏模型结构的模型复杂性显着降低。我们认为这使模型更容易解释。此外，实证研究表明，稀疏模型比密集的神经网络从小型训练集中概括得更好。此外，训练具有不同参数初始化的稀疏神经网络的合奏表明，模型会收敛到具有相似学习的输入特征的相似模型结构。

为了提高风能生产的安全性和可靠性，短期预测已成为最重要的。这项研究的重点是挪威大陆架的多步时时空风速预测。图形神经网络（GNN）体系结构用于提取空间依赖性，具有不同的更新功能以学习时间相关性。这些更新功能是使用不同的神经网络体系结构实现的。近年来，一种这样的架构，即变压器，在序列建模中变得越来越流行。已经提出了对原始体系结构的各种改动，以更好地促进时间序列预测，本研究的重点是告密者Logsparse Transformer和AutoFormer。这是第一次将logsparse变压器和自动形态应用于风预测，并且第一次以任何一种或告密者的形式在时空设置以进行风向预测。通过比较时空长的短期记忆（LSTM）和多层感知器（MLP）模型，该研究表明，使用改变的变压器体系结构作为GNN中更新功能的模型能够超越这些功能。此外，我们提出了快速的傅立叶变压器（FFTRANSFORMER），该变压器是基于信号分解的新型变压器体系结构，由两个单独的流组成，分别分析趋势和周期性成分。发现FFTRANSFORMER和自动成型器可在10分钟和1小时的预测中取得优异的结果，而FFTRANSFORMER显着优于所有其他模型的4小时预测。最后，通过改变图表表示的连通性程度，该研究明确说明了所有模型如何利用空间依赖性来改善局部短期风速预测。

在这项工作中，我们认为寻找人工通用智能（AGI）应该从比人类水平的智能低得多的水平开始。自然界中智能行为的环境是由于有机体与周围环境相互作用的情况，这种环境可能会随着时间的流逝而改变，并对有机体施加压力，以便学习新的行为或环境模型。我们的假设是，学习是通过解释代理在环境中作用时的感觉反馈而发生的。为此，需要一个身体和反应性环境。我们评估了一种进化生物学启发的人工神经网络的方法，该神经网络从名为“人工通用智能的神经进化”（Nagi）的环境反应中学习，这是一个低水平AGI的框架。该方法允许使用自适应突触的随机启用尖峰神经网络的进化络合，该神经网络控制在可变环境中实例化的代理。这种配置使我们能够基准基准控制器的适应性和通用性。可变环境中所选的任务是食品觅食，逻辑门的仿真和卡特杆平衡。这三个任务通过相当小的网络拓扑成功解决，因此，它打开了实验更复杂的任务和方案的可能性，其中课程学习是有益的。

语言的自动处理在我们的生活中普遍存在，经常在我们的决策中扮演核心角色，例如为我们的消息和邮件选择措辞，翻译我们的读物，甚至与我们进行完整的对话。单词嵌入是现代自然语言处理系统的关键组成部分。它们提供了一种词的表示，从而提高了许多应用程序的性能，从而是含义的表现。单词嵌入似乎可以捕捉到原始文本中单词的含义的外观，但与此同时，它们还提炼了刻板印象和社会偏见，后来传达给最终应用。这样的偏见可能是歧视性的。检测和减轻这些偏见，以防止自动化过程的歧视行为非常重要，因为它们的规模可能比人类更有害。目前，有许多工具和技术可以检测和减轻单词嵌入中的偏见，但是它们为没有技术技能的人的参与带来了许多障碍。碰巧的是，大多数偏见专家，无论是社会科学家还是对偏见有害，没有这样的技能的环境，并且由于技术障碍而无法参与偏见检测过程。我们研究了现有工具中的障碍，并与不同种类的用户探索了它们的可能性和局限性。通过此探索，我们建议开发一种专门旨在降低技术障碍的工具，并提供探索能力，以满足愿意审核这些技术的专家，科学家和一般人的要求。

变形金刚是使用多层自我注意力头的神经网络模型。注意力是在变形金刚中实现的，作为“键”和“查询”的上下文嵌入。变形金刚允许从不同层重新集合注意力信息，并同时处理所有输入，在处理大量数据时，它们比复发性神经网络更方便。近年来，变形金刚在自然语言处理任务上表现出色。同时，已经做出了巨大的努力，以使变压器适应机器学习的其他领域，例如Swin Transformer和Decision Transformer。 Swin Transformer是一种有前途的神经网络体系结构，将图像像素分为小斑块，并在固定尺寸的（移位）窗口内应用本地自我发挥操作。决策变压器已成功地将变形金刚应用于离线增强学习，并表明来自Atari游戏的随机步行样本足以让代理商学习优化的行为。但是，将在线强化学习与变形金刚结合在一起是更具挑战性的。在本文中，我们进一步探讨了不修改强化学习政策的可能性，而仅使用Swin Transformer的自我发明体系结构代替卷积神经网络架构。也就是说，我们旨在改变代理商对世界的看法，而不是代理商如何计划世界。我们在街机学习环境中对49场比赛进行实验。结果表明，在街机学习环境中，使用SWIN Transform在强化学习中的评估得分明显更高。因此，我们得出的结论是，在线强化学习可以从用空间令牌嵌入来利用自我侵犯中受益。